Probability
Choose counting structures, update probability models and use a condition to identify the relevant sample space.
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Before you begin
Choose counting structures, update probability models and use a condition to identify the relevant sample space.
Learning goals
- Use counting principles, permutations and combinations
- Calculate and interpret conditional probabilities
- Calculate event probabilities from an explicit sample space
- Distinguish independence from mutual exclusivity
Syllabus statements covered
- Include: addition and multiplication principles for counting; permutations nPr and combinations nCr; arrangements of distinct objects in a line with restrictions; addition and multiplication of probabilities; mutually exclusive and independent events; tables of outcomes, Venn diagrams, tree diagrams, permutations and combinations to calculate probabilities; conditional probabilities in simple cases; P(A′) = 1 − P(A); P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B); P(A|B) = P(A ∩ B)/P(B).
- Include: addition and multiplication principles for counting; permutations nPr and combinations nCr; arrangements of distinct objects in a line with restrictions; addition and multiplication of probabilities; mutually exclusive and independent events; tables of outcomes, Venn diagrams, tree diagrams, permutations and combinations to calculate probabilities; conditional probabilities in simple cases; P(A′) = 1 − P(A); P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B); P(A|B) = P(A ∩ B)/P(B).
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Counting and conditional probability
Choose counting structures, interpret event regions and conditional trees, and use the observed condition as the reference set.