Picture graphs with a scale

Key idea: Read the key before counting. Each picture means the amount in the key.

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Enlarged diagram

Read the key first

Let’s read this graph. One dot stands for two books.

Books read by three groups

A: counter; counter; counter. B: counter; counter; counter; counter; counter. C: counter; counter.

Key: one dot stands for 2 books.
Figure data

This table is included in print while it is open.

Counters in words
SetCounters
Acounter; counter; counter
Bcounter; counter; counter; counter; counter
Ccounter; counter

See what A’s dots stand for

3 dots, each linked to 2 books. 6 books altogether.

Each dot has its own pair of books.
Figure data

This table is included in print while it is open.

The graph key unpacked
QuantityAmount
Dots in A3
Books for each dot2
Books represented6

Three dots: 6 books.

  1. How many books do A’s three dots show? Let’s check together.
  2. One pair for each dot. Count two, four, six books.

Read two new rows

Tap B’s dots and count in twos. Try C next.

Key: ● = 2 books.

B
●●●●●
C
●●

Show answerHide answer

B: 10 books. C: 4 books. Each dot stands for 2 books.

Compare in books

Pair A’s dots with C’s. How many more books are in A?

Compare A with C

A: counter; counter; counter. B: counter; counter; counter; counter; counter. C: counter; counter.

Key: one dot stands for 2 books.
Figure data

This table is included in print while it is open.

Counters in words
SetCounters
Acounter; counter; counter
Bcounter; counter; counter; counter; counter
Ccounter; counter

Show answerHide answer

A has one extra dot. The key makes that two extra books: 6-4 = 2.

Compare another pairHide answer

Point to B’s extra dots. B has two more dots than A. That means four more books.

10 − 6 = 4, or 2 × 2 = 4.

Join two rows

Join A and C. Five dots, two books each. Ten books altogether.

Use only A and C

A: counter; counter; counter. B: counter; counter; counter; counter; counter. C: counter; counter.

Key: one dot stands for 2 books.
Figure data

This table is included in print while it is open.

Counters in words
SetCounters
Acounter; counter; counter
Bcounter; counter; counter; counter; counter
Ccounter; counter

Check your understanding 1

Combine all three groups

Find the books in all three rows. Use the key to count books, not dots.

Use all three rows

A: counter; counter; counter. B: counter; counter; counter; counter; counter. C: counter; counter.

Key: one dot stands for 2 books.
Figure data

This table is included in print while it is open.

Counters in words
SetCounters
Acounter; counter; counter
Bcounter; counter; counter; counter; counter
Ccounter; counter

Show answerHide answer

20 books. 6 + 10 + 4 = 20. You see ten dots. Count two books per dot.

Same dots, different key

Let’s change the key. Same dots, new key. What happens to the number of pupils?

Read this key

Pupils: counter; counter; counter; counter.

Key: one dot stands for 5 pupils.
Figure data

This table is included in print while it is open.

Counters in words
SetCounters
Pupilscounter; counter; counter; counter

Four dots: 20 pupils.

Now the key changes

Pupils: counter; counter; counter; counter.

Key: one dot stands for 10 pupils.
Figure data

This table is included in print while it is open.

Counters in words
SetCounters
Pupilscounter; counter; counter; counter

Use 10 pupils per dot. How many pupils?

  1. Count five, ten, fifteen, twenty pupils. Four dots, five pupils each.
  2. Same four dots, new key. Ten pupils for each dot. How many pupils now?
Show answerHide answer

Point to the unchanged dots. Now they stand for 40 pupils. The key decides the value.

Read a half-symbol

Let’s read half a dot. One full dot means two books. Half a dot means one book.

A whole dot and a half-dot

Use this key for full dots and half-dots.

Half a dot means half of two books. That is one book.
Figure data

This table is included in print while it is open.

This graph’s key
SymbolBooks represented
One full dot2 books
One half-dot1 book

Read a new row

Count the full dots in twos. What does the half-dot add?

Full dots and a half-dot

Three full dots and one half-dot. Key: one full dot stands for 2 books; one half-dot stands for 1 book.

Use the key. Count full dots and the half-dot.
Figure data

This table is included in print while it is open.

Symbols in the row
RowSymbols
BooksThree full dots; one half-dot

Show answerHide answer

7 books. Three full dots stand for six books. The half-dot stands for one more book.

Check your understanding 2

Make a sticker graph

Your turn. Each star means five stickers. Show Jo’s fifteen stickers and Sam’s twenty-five. Use stars.

Jo: 15 stickers. Sam: 25 stickers.

Key: ★ = 5 stickers.

Jo
★★★★
Sam
★★★★

How many more stickers does Sam have? Check your rows and the key.

Show answer
One star means 5 stickers. Which rows show Jo 15 and Sam 25?

Show answerHide answer

Jo: 3 stars. Sam: 5 stars. Each star stands for 5 stickers.

PersonStars
Jo★ ★ ★
Sam★ ★ ★ ★ ★

Sam has 10 more stickers: 25-15 = 10. Two extra stars also stand for 2 × 5 = 10 stickers.

What can this graph tell you?

Let’s check the graph. This graph counts books. Does it show who read for longest?

What was counted?

A: counter; counter; counter. B: counter; counter; counter; counter; counter. C: counter; counter.

Key: one dot stands for 2 books.
Figure data

This table is included in print while it is open.

Counters in words
SetCounters
Acounter; counter; counter
Bcounter; counter; counter; counter; counter
Ccounter; counter
Does it show reading time?

Show answerHide answer

No. You can count books. You cannot find reading time. You cannot find pages per book.

For a grown-up

Pip’s synthetic voice uses the University of Edinburgh’s Alba speech dataset, via Piper’s Alba voice, under CC BY 4.0. Audio is optional.

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