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Count the small gaps
Task reminder
Let’s move the hands. Start at ten thirty-five. Move three small gaps. What time do you reach?
Short hand: hours. Long hand: minutes.
10:35 am · 0 min after the start
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35 → 36 → 37 → 38. Each small gap is one minute.
Three minutes after 10:35
Short hand: hours. Long hand: minutes.
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Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Part | What is shown |
|---|---|
| Numbers | 1 to 12, clockwise |
| Minute marks | 60, evenly spaced |
| Short hand | lies between 10 and 11 |
| Long hand | points to the 3rd small mark after 7 |
Read a different clock
Task reminder
Count in fives, then small gaps. How many minutes past seven?
Read every minute
Short hand: hours. Long hand: minutes.
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Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Part | What is shown |
|---|---|
| Numbers | 1 to 12, clockwise |
| Minute marks | 60, evenly spaced |
| Short hand | lies between 7 and 8 |
| Long hand | points to the 3rd small mark after 8 |
Each jump between printed numbers takes 5 minutes. How many minutes past seven?
Show answerHide answer
At 8: 40 minutes. Then 41, 42, 43.
The short hand is between 7 and 8. The hour is still 7. The time is 7:43.
60 minute gaps make one full turn.
The hands look the same morning and evening. Use the story to choose am or pm. Check am and pm.
Watch the hour change
Task reminder
Start at eight fifty-eight. Take one-minute steps to nine oh one.
Short hand: hours. Long hand: minutes.
8:58 am · 0 min after the start
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Show the hour changeHide answer
8:58 → 8:59 → 9:00 → 9:01.
At 8:59, the short hand nearly reaches 9. The hour is still 8. At 9:00, the long hand reaches 12. The short hand reaches 9.
Check the written times
Clock A
Clock with numbers 1 to 12 clockwise and 60 evenly spaced minute marks. The short hand lies between 11 and 12. The long hand points to the 3rd small mark after 8.
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Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Part | What is shown |
|---|---|
| Numbers | 1 to 12, clockwise |
| Minute marks | 60, evenly spaced |
| Short hand | lies between 11 and 12 |
| Long hand | points to the 3rd small mark after 8 |
Clock B
Clock with numbers 1 to 12 clockwise and 60 evenly spaced minute marks. The short hand lies between 2 and 3. The long hand points to the 4th small mark after 1.
Scroll across to read every label.
Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Part | What is shown |
|---|---|
| Numbers | 1 to 12, clockwise |
| Minute marks | 60, evenly spaced |
| Short hand | lies between 2 and 3 |
| Long hand | points to the 4th small mark after 1 |
Check both clocksHide answer
A: 11:43 pm. The short hand is still before 12. The long hand is three gaps after 8. Count 40 minutes, then 41, 42, 43.
B: 2:09 am. The short hand has passed 2. The long hand is four gaps after 1. Count 5 minutes, then 6, 7, 8, 9.
Time a real activity
Practical task 1 Time a short activity
Task reminder
Choose an activity that takes a few minutes. Try a real timer.
- Use a timer that shows hours and minutes. Start at zero.
- Time a short activity. Stop the timer when you finish.
- Read the hours and minutes. Write both parts.
Show answerHide answer
Self-review with someone:
- Did you start at zero? Did you stop at the end?
- Check your hours and minutes against the timer.
Your activity can take a different time.
Make groups of sixty
Check your understanding 1
Trade minutes for an hour
Check your understanding 1
Trade minutes for an hour
Task reminder
Let’s make one hour. Trade minute cards to make one hour. Did the time change?
Build an hour. Choose 10 min. Use Place here to add 6 cards. Select a card. Choose Exchange.
What this checks
Keep 60 minutes.
Show solutionHide answer
Your time: 60 minutes.
About the bars
Your time reference whole: 60 minutes. Bars use the same scale.
Hours into minutes
Task reminder
Count sixty minutes for each whole hour. Then add the extra minutes.
Two hours, then fifteen minutes
Each whole hour has sixty minutes.
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Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Set | Values |
|---|---|
| Two hours | 60 minutes; 60 minutes |
| Fifteen more minutes | 15 minutes |
2 h 15 min = 60 + 60 + 15 = 135 min. Point to each part.
Change hours into minutes
Check your understanding 2
Convert the units
Check your understanding 2
Convert the units
Change 1 h 20 min into minutes.
Show answerHide answer
80 min. 60 + 20 = 80.
Check the minute totals
One conversion is wrong.
Check A and B
A: 3 h; 5 min. B: 2 h; 25 min.
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Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Set | Values |
|---|---|
| A | 3 h; 5 min |
| B | 2 h; 25 min |
Show answerHide answer
A: 185 min. Three hours make 60 + 60 + 60 = 180 min. Add the 5 min.
B has 60 + 60 + 25 = 145 min.
Minutes into hours
Task reminder
Make groups of sixty minutes. How many whole hours? What’s left over?
Take one hour from 95 minutes
Keep whole hours separate from leftover minutes.
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Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Set | Values |
|---|---|
| One complete hour | 60 minutes |
| Minutes left | 35 minutes |
95 min = 1 h 35 min. One hour uses 60 minutes. 35 are left.
Find complete hours in 125 minutes
Check your understanding 3
Keep both parts
Check your understanding 3
Keep both parts
Make complete groups of 60 from 125 min. How many hours? How many minutes remain?
Show answerHide answer
2 h 5 min. Check: 60 + 60 + 5 = 125 min.
Check the complete hours
One conversion is wrong.
Check A and B
A: 75 min. B: 140 min.
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Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Set | Values |
|---|---|
| A | 75 min |
| B | 140 min |
Show answerHide answer
B: 2 h 20 min. Two whole hours use 120 min. Start with 140 min. You have 20 min left.
A has one complete hour and 15 min left.
Keep the empty part
Task reminder
Look at the hours and minutes. Keep each empty place with zero.
Two complete hours
Complete hours: 60 minutes; 60 minutes. Minutes left: No cards.
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Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Set | Values |
|---|---|
| Complete hours | 60 minutes; 60 minutes |
| Minutes left | No cards |
No complete hour
Complete hours: No cards. Minutes left: 35 minutes.
Scroll across to read every label.
Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Set | Values |
|---|---|
| Complete hours | No cards |
| Minutes left | 35 minutes |
- One hundred and twenty minutes makes two hours. There are zero minutes left over.
- Thirty-five minutes is less than one hour. Zero hours, thirty-five minutes. All the minutes are still here.
Use a zero for an empty part. Find whole hours first. The minutes left are less than 60.
Optional: find a duration
Task reminder
How long does each clock journey take?
Mind stretcher 1
Clock journeys
Mind stretcher 1
Clock journeys
Optional. Try these after the hour-and-minute work. Or leave them for later.
Find how long it takes
10:20 am → 11:05 am. Point to the next hour on the start clock.
Start and finish
Short hand: hours. Long hand: minutes.
Start
Finish
Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Clock | Part | What is shown |
|---|---|---|
| Start | Numbers | 1 to 12, clockwise |
| Start | Minute marks | 60, evenly spaced |
| Start | Short hand | lies between 10 and 11 |
| Start | Long hand | points to the 4 mark |
| Finish | Numbers | 1 to 12, clockwise |
| Finish | Minute marks | 60, evenly spaced |
| Finish | Short hand | lies between 11 and 12 |
| Finish | Long hand | points to the 1 mark |
Show answerHide answer
10:20 → 11:00 → 11:05
40 min + 5 min = 45 min. The duration tells how long it took. The finish time is 11:05 am.
Time a short activity with a real clock. Write its start and finish. Add am or pm. Ask someone to check your readings and duration.
Optional: across the hour
Mind stretcher 2
Optional clock journey
Mind stretcher 2
Optional clock journey
Jump across the hour
A game starts at 9:48 am. It finishes at 10:12 am.
Start and finish
Short hand: hours. Long hand: minutes.
Start
Finish
Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Clock | Part | What is shown |
|---|---|---|
| Start | Numbers | 1 to 12, clockwise |
| Start | Minute marks | 60, evenly spaced |
| Start | Short hand | lies between 9 and 10 |
| Start | Long hand | points to the 3rd small mark after 9 |
| Finish | Numbers | 1 to 12, clockwise |
| Finish | Minute marks | 60, evenly spaced |
| Finish | Short hand | lies between 10 and 11 |
| Finish | Long hand | points to the 2nd small mark after 2 |
9:48 → 10:00 → 10:12. 12 min + 12 min = 24 min. Point to each jump.
Optional: find an arrival time
Mind stretcher 3
Optional arrival-time problem
Mind stretcher 3
Optional arrival-time problem
Check your understanding 4
Find the arrival time
Check your understanding 4
Find the arrival time
A bus leaves at 2:47 pm. The journey takes 28 min. Find its arrival time.
Start here
Short hand: hours. Long hand: minutes.
Scroll across to read every label.
Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Part | What is shown |
|---|---|
| Numbers | 1 to 12, clockwise |
| Minute marks | 60, evenly spaced |
| Short hand | lies between 2 and 3 |
| Long hand | points to the 2nd small mark after 9 |
Show answerHide answer
2:47 → 3:00 → 3:15 pm. First 13 min, then 15 min: 28 min.
Arrival: 3:15 pm
Short hand: hours. Long hand: minutes.
Scroll across to read every label.
Figure data
This table is included in print while it is open.
| Part | What is shown |
|---|---|
| Numbers | 1 to 12, clockwise |
| Minute marks | 60, evenly spaced |
| Short hand | lies between 3 and 4 |
| Long hand | points to the 3 mark |
For a grown-up
Pip’s synthetic voice uses the University of Edinburgh’s Alba speech dataset, via Piper’s Alba voice, under CC BY 4.0. Audio is optional.
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Syllabus and review details
- Primary 2 Mathematics 2022 · 2021-updated-2025-10
- Primary 5 Foundation Mathematics 2025 · 2021-updated-2025-10
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