Two-digit products and quotients

Partition into tens and ones

For 24 × 3, split 24 into 20 and 4. Three lots of 20 make 60 and three lots of 4 make 12. Combine them: 60 + 12 = 72. In columns, 12 ones exchange for 1 ten and 2 ones; the exchanged ten joins the six tens.

Use known table facts to help: 6 × 8 = 48, so 6 × 80 = 480. For mental addition, 364 + 20 = 384 and 364 + 200 = 564. Name the unit being added; a 2 can mean 2 ones, 2 tens or 2 hundreds.

Share the tens and ones

For 84÷3, share eight tens among three groups. Each gets two tens, leaving two tens. Exchange them for twenty ones and add the four ones: twenty-four ones. Each group gets eight ones. The quotient is 28, checked by 28 × 3 = 84.

For 87÷4, each group gets two tens, leaving seven ones after the exchange. Each gets one more, leaving three. The answer is 21 remainder 3. The remainder is less than 4, and 21 × 4 + 3 = 87.

Check your understanding 1 Put the zero where it belongs

Calculate 96÷3 and 23 × 4 without a calculator. Check both using the inverse operation.

Your answer or drawing on paper

Show answer

96÷3 = 32, checked by 32 × 3 = 96. 23 × 4 = 92, checked by 92÷4 = 23. Partitioning preserves each complete amount.

Interpret the remainder

Ninety-five counters are placed in bags of four. Find the number of full bags and counters left. Then find how many bags are needed to hold all the counters.