G2 Mathematics

Lessons in g2 mathematics. This course is still being developed; independent practice and assessment coverage is incomplete.

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G2 Mathematics

  1. Number and proportion14 lessonsG2 Mathematics 2027 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 1 Mathematics 2020 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 2 Mathematics 2021 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 3–4 Mathematics 2022Build and connect the representations and methods in number and proportion.
  2. Algebra and equations19 lessonsG2 Mathematics 2027 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 1 Mathematics 2020 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 2 Mathematics 2021 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 3–4 Mathematics 2022Build and connect the representations and methods in algebra and equations.
  3. Functions and graphs4 lessonsG2 Mathematics 2027 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 2 Mathematics 2021 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 3–4 Mathematics 2022Build and connect the representations and methods in functions and graphs.
  4. Geometry and reasoning9 lessonsG2 Mathematics 2027 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 1 Mathematics 2020 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 2 Mathematics 2021 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 3–4 Mathematics 2022Build and connect the representations and methods in geometry and reasoning.
  5. Coordinates and vectors1 lessonG2 Mathematics 2027 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 3–4 Mathematics 2022Build and connect the representations and methods in coordinates and vectors.
  6. Area, volume and mensuration7 lessonsG2 Mathematics 2027 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 1 Mathematics 2020 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 2 Mathematics 2021 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 3–4 Mathematics 2022Build and connect the representations and methods in area, volume and mensuration.
  7. Trigonometry4 lessonsG2 Mathematics 2027 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 2 Mathematics 2021 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 3–4 Mathematics 2022Build and connect the representations and methods in trigonometry.
  8. Statistics and probability9 lessonsG2 Mathematics 2027 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 1 Mathematics 2020 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 2 Mathematics 2021 · Normal (Academic) Secondary 3–4 Mathematics 2022Build and connect the representations and methods in statistics and probability.

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Normal (Academic) Secondary 1 Mathematics 2020

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Normal (Academic) Secondary 2 Mathematics 2021

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Normal (Academic) Secondary 3–4 Mathematics 2022

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G2 Mathematics 2027

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Lessons in g2 mathematics. This course is still being developed; independent practice and assessment coverage is incomplete.

Learning goals
  • Identify primes, factors and multiples
  • Use prime factorisation to find HCF and LCM
  • Calculate with integers and rational numbers
  • Compare and order numbers and representations
  • Round, estimate and judge numerical accuracy
  • Use integer, zero, negative and fractional indices appropriately
  • Represent and simplify ratios of quantities
  • Share a quantity in a specified ratio
  • Relate part-to-part ratios to part-to-whole fractions
  • Model and solve direct or inverse proportional relationships
  • Interpret a percentage relative to its base
  • Calculate percentage changes and contextual amounts
  • Recover a whole or original amount from a percentage part
  • Use rate, speed, distance and time relationships
  • Convert compatible measurement units
  • Interpret algebraic notation and represented operations
  • Evaluate an algebraic expression by substitution
  • Represent a situation with algebraic expressions
  • Express and use the general term of a sequence
  • Simplify linear expressions by combining like terms
  • Expand and factorise algebraic expressions
  • Calculate and simplify algebraic fractions with restrictions
  • Change the subject of a formula
  • Solve linear equations and check the solution
  • Solve simultaneous equations by justified methods
  • Solve quadratic equations by suitable methods
  • Solve inequalities and represent their solution sets
  • Formulate, use and interpret a mathematical model
  • Multiply and divide algebraic fractions with domain restrictions
  • Interpret and draw graphs of functions
  • Add and subtract algebraic fractions with domain restrictions
  • Read and plot ordered coordinate pairs
  • Find and interpret a graph gradient
  • Classify shapes by their properties
  • Deduce unknown angles from geometric relationships
  • Construct geometric figures from stated conditions
  • Reason about congruence, similarity and scale factors
  • Classify angles by their size
  • Reason and calculate using coordinate geometry
  • Calculate and justify area and perimeter
  • Calculate and justify volume and surface area
  • Calculate circle, arc, sector and segment measures
  • Use and justify Pythagoras’ theorem
  • Use trigonometric ratios in right-angled triangles
  • Use sine and cosine rules for general triangles
  • Read and interpret data displays
  • Organise data and construct a suitable display
  • Evaluate the purposes and limitations of data displays
  • Calculate and interpret the arithmetic mean
  • Find and interpret the mode and median
  • Estimate the mean from grouped data
  • Calculate measures of spread
  • Compare variability using appropriate measures
  • Calculate event probabilities from an explicit sample space
  • Distinguish independence from mutual exclusivity
Syllabus statements covered
  • primes and prime factorisation • finding highest common factor (HCF) and lowest common multiple (LCM), squares, cubes, square roots and cube roots by prime factorisation • negative numbers, integers, rational numbers, real numbers and their four operations • calculations with calculator • representation and ordering of numbers on the number line • use of <, >, ⩽, ⩾ • approximation and estimation (including rounding off numbers to a required number of decimal places or significant figures and estimating the results of computation) • use of standard form A × 10^n, where n is an integer, and 1 ⩽ A < 10 • positive, negative, zero and fractional indices • laws of indices
  • comparison between two or more quantities by ratio • relationship between ratio and fraction • dividing a quantity in a given ratio • ratios involving rational numbers • equivalent ratios • writing a ratio in its simplest form • map scales (distance and area) • direct and inverse proportion
  • expressing percentage as a fraction or decimal • expressing one quantity as a percentage of another • comparing two quantities by percentage • percentages greater than 100% • increasing/decreasing a quantity by a given percentage • finding percentage increase/decrease • reverse percentages
  • relationships between distance, time and speed • writing speed in different units (e.g. km/h, m/min, m/s and cm/s) • calculation of speed, distance or time given the other two quantities • average rate and average speed • conversion of units (e.g. km/h to m/s)
  • using letters to represent numbers • interpreting notations: ab as a × b; a/b as a ÷ b or a × (1/b); a² as a × a, a³ as a × a × a, a²b as a × a × b, …; 3y as y + y + y or 3 × y; 3(x + y) as 3 × (x + y); (3 + y)/5 as (3 + y) ÷ 5 or (1/5) × (3 + y) • evaluation of algebraic expressions and formulae • translation of simple real-world situations into algebraic expressions • recognising and representing patterns/relationships by finding an algebraic expression for the nth term • addition and subtraction of linear expressions • simplification of linear expressions such as −2(3x − 5) + 4x and 2x/3 − 3(x − 5)/2 • use brackets and extract common factors • factorisation of linear expressions ax + bx + kay + kby • expansion of the product of algebraic expressions • changing the subject of a formula • finding the value of an unknown quantity in a given formula • use of (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b², (a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b², a² − b² = (a + b)(a − b) • factorisation of quadratic expressions ax² + bx + c • multiplication and division of simple algebraic fractions such as (3a/(4b²))(5ab/3); (3a/4) ÷ (9a²/10) • addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions with linear or quadratic denominator such as 1/(x − 2) + 2/(x − 3); 1/(x² − 9) + 2/(x − 3); 1/(x − 3) + 2/(x − 3)²
  • solving linear equations in one variable • solving simple fractional equations that reduce to linear equations, such as x/3 + (x − 2)/4 = 3 and 3/(x − 2) = 6 • solving simultaneous linear equations in two variables by substitution and elimination or graphically • solving quadratic equations in one variable by factorisation, formula, completing the square for y = x² + px + q, or graphically • solving fractional equations that reduce to quadratics, such as 6/(x + 4) = x + 3 and 1/(x − 2) + 2/(x − 3) = 5 • formulating equations to solve problems • solving simple inequalities ax ≤ b, ax ≥ b, ax < b, ax > b where a and b are integers
  • Cartesian coordinates in two dimensions • graph of a set of ordered pairs as a representation of a relationship between two variables • linear functions (y = ax + b) and quadratic functions (y = ax² + bx + c) • graphs of linear functions • the gradient of a linear graph as the ratio of the vertical change to the horizontal change (positive and negative gradients) • graphs of quadratic functions and their properties: ∗ positive or negative coefficient of x^2 ∗ maximum and minimum points ∗ symmetry • graphs of power functions of the form y = ax^n, where n = −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, and simple sums of not more than three of these • graphs of exponential functions y = ka^x, where a is a positive integer • estimation of the gradient of a curve by drawing a tangent
  • right, acute, obtuse and reflex angles • vertically opposite angles, angles on a straight line and angles at a point • angles formed by two parallel lines and a transversal: corresponding angles, alternate angles, interior angles • properties of triangles, special quadrilaterals and regular polygons (pentagon, hexagon, octagon and decagon) including symmetry properties • classifying special quadrilaterals on the basis of their properties • angle sum of interior and exterior angles of any convex polygon • construction of simple geometrical figures from given data using compasses, ruler, set squares and protractor, where appropriate
  • congruent and similar figures • properties of similar triangles and polygons: ∗ corresponding angles are equal ∗ corresponding sides are proportional • enlargement and reduction of a plane figure • scale drawings • properties and construction of perpendicular bisectors of line segments and angle bisectors • solving simple problems involving similarity and congruence
  • symmetry properties of circles: ∗ equal chords are equidistant from the centre ∗ the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre ∗ tangents from an external point are equal in length ∗ the line joining an external point to the centre of the circle bisects the angle between the tangents • angle properties of circles: ∗ angle in a semicircle is a right angle ∗ angle between tangent and radius of a circle is a right angle ∗ angle at the centre is twice the angle at the circumference ∗ angles in the same segment are equal ∗ angles in opposite segments are supplementary All circle properties in this row are tested only in Paper 2 Section B.
  • finding the gradient of a straight line given the coordinates of two points on it • finding the length of a line segment given the coordinates of its end points • interpreting and finding the equation of a straight line graph in the form y = mx + c • geometric problems involving the use of coordinates
  • area of parallelogram and trapezium • problems involving perimeter and area of composite plane figures • volume and surface area of cube, cuboid, prism, cylinder, pyramid, cone and sphere • conversion between cm^2 and m^2, and between cm^3 and m^3 • problems involving volume and surface area of composite solids • arc length as fraction of the circumference and sector area as fraction of the area of a circle • area of a segment • use of radian measure of angle (including conversion between radians and degrees) • problems involving the arc length, sector area of a circle and area of a segment Radian measure and problems involving arc length, sector area and segment area are tested only in Paper 2 Section B.
  • use of Pythagoras’ theorem • determining whether a triangle is right-angled given the lengths of three sides • use of trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine and tangent) of acute angles to calculate unknown sides and angles in right-angled triangles • extending sine and cosine to obtuse angles • use of the formula ½ab sin C for the area of a triangle • use of sine rule and cosine rule for any triangle • problems in two and three dimensions including those involving angles of elevation and depression and bearings Sine/cosine rules and two-/three-dimensional problems (including elevation, depression and bearings) are tested only in Paper 2 Section B.
  • simple concepts in collecting, classifying and tabulating data • analysis and interpretation of: ∗ tables ∗ bar graphs ∗ pictograms ∗ line graphs ∗ pie charts ∗ dot diagrams ∗ histograms with equal class intervals ∗ stem-and-leaf diagrams ∗ cumulative frequency diagrams ∗ box-and-whisker plots • purposes and uses, advantages and disadvantages of the different forms of statistical representations • drawing simple inference from statistical diagrams • explaining why a given statistical diagram leads to misinterpretation of data • mean, mode and median as measures of central tendency for a set of data • purposes and use of mean, mode and median • calculation of the mean for grouped data • quartiles and percentiles • range, interquartile range and standard deviation as measures of spread for a set of data • calculation of the standard deviation for a set of data (grouped and ungrouped) • using the mean and standard deviation to compare two sets of data Cumulative frequency diagrams, box-and-whisker plots, quartiles/percentiles, spread (range, interquartile range and standard deviation), calculating standard deviation and comparing data by mean/standard deviation are tested only in Paper 2 Section B.
  • probability as a measure of chance • probability of single events (including listing all the possible outcomes in a simple chance situation to calculate the probability) • probability of simple combined events (including using possibility diagrams and tree diagrams, where appropriate) • addition and multiplication of probabilities (mutually exclusive events and independent events) Combined events and addition/multiplication of probabilities are tested only in Paper 2 Section B.
  • primes and prime factorisation
  • finding highest common factor (HCF) and lowest common multiple (LCM), squares, cubes, square roots and cube roots by prime factorisation
  • negative numbers, integers, rational numbers, real numbers and their four operations
  • calculations with calculator
  • representation and ordering of numbers on the number line
  • use of <, >, ≤, ≥
  • approximation and estimation (including rounding off numbers to a required number of decimal places or significant figures, and estimating the results of computation)
  • comparison between two or more quantities by ratio
  • relationship between ratio and fraction
  • dividing a quantity in a given ratio
  • ratios involving rational numbers
  • equivalent ratios
  • writing a ratio in its simplest form
  • problems involving ratio
  • expressing percentage as a fraction or decimal
  • expressing one quantity as a percentage of another
  • comparing two quantities by percentage
  • percentages greater than 100%
  • increasing/decreasing a quantity by a given percentage (including concept of percentage point)
  • finding percentage increase/decrease
  • reverse percentages
  • problems involving percentages
  • relationships between distance, time and speed
  • writing speed in different units (e.g. km/h, m/min, m/s and cm/s)
  • concepts of average rate, speed, constant speed and average speed
  • conversion of units (e.g. km/h to m/s)
  • calculation of speed, distance or time given the other two quantities
  • problems involving rate and speed
  • using letters to represent numbers
  • interpreting notations: ab as a × b; a/b as a ÷ b or a × (1/b); a² as a × a, a³ as a × a × a, a²b as a × a × b, …; 3y as y + y + y or 3 × y; 3(x + y) as 3 × (x + y); (3 + y)/5 as (3 + y) ÷ 5 or (1/5) × (3 + y)
  • evaluation of algebraic expressions and formulae
  • translation of simple real-world situations into algebraic expressions
  • recognising and representing patterns/relationships by finding an algebraic expression for the nth term
  • addition and subtraction of linear expressions
  • simplification of linear expressions with integral coefficients such as 2(x − 3y); 4x − 2(3x − 5); 3(x − y) − (2y + x) − y
  • concepts of equation
  • solving linear equations with integral coefficients in one variable
  • formulating a linear equation in one variable to solve problems
  • right, acute, obtuse and reflex angles
  • vertically opposite angles, angles on a straight line, angles at a point
  • angles formed by two parallel lines and a transversal: corresponding angles, alternate angles, interior angles
  • properties of triangles
  • area of parallelogram and trapezium
  • problems involving perimeter and area of composite plane figures
  • volume and surface area of prism and cylinder
  • conversion between cm² and m² , and between cm³ and m³
  • problems involving volume and surface area of composite solids
  • simple concepts in collecting, classifying and tabulating data
  • analysis and interpretation of: • tables • bar graphs • pictograms • line graphs • pie charts
  • purposes and uses, advantages and disadvantages of the different forms of statistical representations
  • explaining why a given statistical diagram leads to misinterpretation of data
  • map scales (distance and area)
  • direct and inverse proportion
  • simplification of linear expressions with fractional coefficients such as 2x/3 − 3(x − 5)/2
  • expansion of the product of two linear expressions
  • use brackets and extract common factors
  • use of: • (a + b) 2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2 • (a − b) 2 = a^2 − 2ab + b^2 • a^2 − b^2 = (a + b)(a − b)
  • factorisation of quadratic expressions ax^2 + bx + c
  • multiplication and division of simple algebraic fractions such as (3a/(4b²))(5ab/3); (3a/4) ÷ (9a²/10)
  • solving linear equations in one variable (including fractional coefficients)
  • concept and properties of inequality
  • solving simple inequalities in the form ax ≤ b, ax ≥ b , ax < b and ax > b, where a and b are integers.
  • solving simple fractional equations that can be reduced to linear equations such as x/3 + (x − 2)/4 = 3; 3/(x − 2) = 6
  • graphs of linear equations in two variables(ax + by = c)
  • solving simultaneous linear equations in two variables by: • substitution and elimination methods • graphical method
  • formulating a linear equation in one variable or a pair of linear equations in two variables to solve problems
  • Cartesian coordinates in two dimensions
  • graph of a set of ordered pairs as a representation of a relationship between two variables
  • linear functions y = ax + b
  • graphs of linear functions
  • the gradient of a linear graph as the ratio of the vertical change to the horizontal change (positive and negative gradients)
  • properties of special quadrilaterals and regular polygons (pentagon, hexagon, octagon and decagon) including symmetry properties
  • classifying special quadrilaterals on the basis of their properties
  • angle sum of interior and exterior angles of any convex polygon
  • construction of simple geometrical figures from given data using compasses, ruler, set squares and protractors, where appropriate
  • congruent figures
  • similar figures
  • properties of similar triangles and polygons: • corresponding angles are equal • corresponding sides are proportional
  • volume and surface area of pyramid, cone and sphere
  • use of Pythagoras’ theorem
  • determining whether a triangle is right-angled given the lengths of three sides.
  • analysis and interpretation of: • dot diagrams • histograms • stem-and-leaf diagrams
  • purposes and uses, advantages and disadvantages of the different forms of statistical representations
  • explaining why a given statistical diagram leads to misinterpretation of data
  • mean, mode and median as measures of central tendency for a set of data
  • purposes and uses of mean, mode and median
  • calculation of the mean for grouped data
  • probability as a measure of chance
  • probability of single events (including listing all the possible outcomes in a simple chance situation to calculate the probability)
  • use of standard form A×10^n , where n is an integer, and 1 ≤ A < 10
  • positive, negative, zero and fractional indices
  • laws of indices
  • factorisation of linear expressions of the form ax + bx + kay + kby
  • expansion of the product of algebraic expressions
  • changing the subject of a formula
  • finding the value of an unknown quantity in a given formula
  • addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions with linear or quadratic denominator such as 1/(x − 2) + 2/(x − 3); 1/(x² − 9) + 2/(x − 3); 1/(x − 3) + 2/(x − 3)²
  • solving quadratic equations in one variable by: • factorisation • use of formula • completing the square for y = x^2 + px + q • graphical method
  • solving fractional equations that can be reduced to quadratic equations such as 6/(x + 4) = x + 3; 1/(x − 2) + 2/(x − 3) = 5
  • formulating a quadratic equation in one variable to solve problems
  • quadratic functions y = ax^2 + bx + c
  • graphs of quadratic functions and their properties: • positive or negative coefficient of x² • maximum and minimum points • symmetry
  • graphs of power functions y = ax^n, where n = −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, and simple sums of not more than three of these
  • graphs of exponential functions y = ka^x, where a is a positive integer, a > 1
  • estimation of the gradient of a curve by drawing a tangent
  • enlargement and reduction of a plane figure
  • scale drawings
  • properties and construction of perpendicular bisectors of line segments and angle bisectors
  • solving simple problems involving congruence and similarity
  • symmetry properties of circles: • equal chords are equidistant from the centre • the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre • tangents from an external point are equal in length • the line joining an external point to the centre of the circle bisects the angle between the tangents
  • angle properties of circles: • angle in a semicircle is a right angle • angle between tangent and radius of a circle is a right angle • angle at the centre is twice the angle at the circumference • angles in the same segment are equal • angles in opposite segments are supplementary
  • finding the gradient of a straight line given the coordinates of two points on it
  • finding the length of a line segment given the coordinates of its end points
  • interpreting and finding the equation of a straight line in the form y = mx + c
  • geometric problems involving the use of coordinates
  • arc length as fraction of the circumference and sector area as fraction of the area of a circle
  • area of a segment
  • use of radian measure of angle (including conversion between radians and degrees)
  • problems involving the arc length, sector area of a circle and area of a segment
  • use of trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine and tangent) of acute angles to calculate unknown sides and angles in right-angled triangles
  • extending sine and cosine to obtuse angles
  • use of the formula ½ab sin C for the area of a triangle
  • use of sine rule and cosine rule for any triangle
  • problems in two and three dimensions including those involving angles of elevation and depression and bearings
  • quartiles and percentiles
  • range, interquartile range and standard deviation as measures of spread for a set of data
  • analysis and interpretation of: • cumulative frequency diagrams • box-and-whisker plots
  • purposes and uses, advantages and disadvantages of the different forms of statistical representations
  • calculation of the standard deviation for a set of data (grouped and ungrouped)
  • using the mean and standard deviation to compare two sets of data
  • probability of simple combined events (including using possibility diagrams and tree diagrams, where appropriate)
  • addition and multiplication of probabilities (mutually exclusive events and independent events)
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